CFPB HQ Temporarily Closed, Operations Frozen
February 10, 2025The CFPB’s headquarters in Washington DC will be closed this week as the agency undergoes an audit from the Department of Government Efficiency. The audit coincides with the arrival of yet another new Acting Director, Russell Vought, who is also serving officially as the Director of OMB. At the CFPB this weekend, Vought told employees not to “approve or issue any proposed or final rules or formal or informal guidance” and to “suspend the effective dates of all final rules that have been issued or published but that have not yet become effective.” He also told the Federal Reserve that the agency does not need funding at this time due to having too much on hand already.
Pursuant to the Consumer Financial Protection Act, I have notified the Federal Reserve that CFPB will not be taking its next draw of unappropriated funding because it is not "reasonably necessary" to carry out its duties. The Bureau's current balance of $711.6 million is in fact…
— Russ Vought (@russvought) February 9, 2025
While he has ordered all final rules that have been issued or published but not yet effective be suspended, some legal observers have indicated that the small business data collection process overseen by the CFPB (pursuant to Section 1071 of Dodd-Frank) that is scheduled to start on July 18 is technically bound by rules already in effect and that the deadline is merely the start date for compliance. However, that interpretation may be at odds with the spirit and intent of the suspension.
The Independent Community Bankers Association (ICBA) welcomed Vought into the role. “We look forward to working closely with Director Vought, the Trump administration, and the 119th Congress to implement needed CFPB regulatory reforms to help community banks meet the needs of local communities,” they said. The statement included a link in which they call for the small business lending data collection rules to be repealed.
“Intrusive data collection will compromise the privacy of small business applicants, effectively ‘commoditize’ small business lending, and increase the cost of credit,” they say. “ICBA urges the 119th Congress to promptly repeal or substantially revise Section 1071 to limit the implementation of a destructive rule.”
Trump, Republicans To Take Over in 2025
November 6, 2024
With the 2024 election results in, the regulatory and legislative environment for the small business finance industry could shift significantly at the federal level in the coming years. In particular, it will be worth paying specific attention to what happens with the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). As many readers are aware, the largest regulations ever imposed on the small business finance industry, promulgated by the CFPB, are slated to go in effect in July 2025. That date comes after fifteen literal years (Since Dodd-Frank was passed in 2010!) of delays caused by confusion, debates, and disputes over the CFPB’s right to exist, the meaning of the law’s statute, and court orders pushing it forward or temporarily delaying it. Feelings about the CFPB were so contentious under Trump’s last presidency that the agency temporarily rebranded itself as the BCFP (Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection) as a symbolic gesture of statutory defiance.
The CFPB’s looming oversight of small business finance starting next year had particularly alarmed those in the merchant cash advance space. Its current head, Rohit Chopra, had previously disclosed that his mission was to “wipe out” merchant cash advance companies. He had also said that the structure of their products “may be a sham.” In response, one trade group representing such companies filed a lawsuit against the CFPB earlier this year. That case has not been decided yet. Other segments of the small business finance industry will be watching the CFPB closely in 2025 as well.
Another outcome is that it could mean that individual states that lean the other way politically become more aggressive. As readers are aware, the stream of disclosure legislation over the last few years all came from the state level. It’s possible that environment starts to accelerate even faster.
Illinois State Rep Proposes Database of All Funded Deals
February 19, 2024
A Representative of the Illinois State legislature has introduced its own version of a commercial financing licensing bill. HB5587, which makes licensing sound like one is consenting to judgment and references the word subpoena 29 times, calls for a state-controlled commercial financing database that would require all licensed providers to upload their deals into it after they’re funded. The bill says that such a database would not be made public but would be used to monitor licensees, prepare industry reports, and to refer instances of illegal activity to law enforcement.
This proposal is aimed at non-bank providers of commercial financing rather than brokers or technology services, and it’s not limited to just loans. For instance, it says that providers would have to include “the amount of the receivables purchase price paid to the recipient and, if different from the purchase price, the amount disbursed to the recipient after any amount deducted or withheld at disbursement, if applicable” when submitting funded deals to the database.
Overall, the database component to this licensing bill somewhat overlaps with what will soon be required at the national level by the CFPB under the small business lending data collection rules. Are you prepared to comply with those rulex already?
This Illinois bill is new. You can read the full thing here.
Trade Group Sues CFPB Over Small Business Loan Data Collection Rules
January 4, 2024
The RBFC has filed a lawsuit against the CFPB over its data collection rules that are scheduled to go into effect this year.
As readers may recall, the federal regulator created 888 pages of rules governing how small business lenders (including MCA companies) will be required to collect and submit data for federal analysis.
At first, it appeared that the CFPB had way overstepped its bounds when Congress, on a bi-partisan basis, passed a resolution to scrap the rules. President Biden, however, then took the unprecedented step of vetoing their resolution on his belief that the rules were necessary to “conduct oversight of abusive and predatory lenders.”
One week after the veto the RBFC filed its lawsuit.
Although the CFPB is required by law to collect small business loan data pursuant to Section 1071 of the Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the plaintiff took umbrage with the CFPB’s allegedly deliberate misinterpretation of the words “credit” and “loan” as they’re written in that statute. That’s because the CFPB unilaterally decided those terms also apply to MCAs/Sales-Based-Financing agreements. The RBFC contests that the CFPB has the legal authority to include products outside the scope of the federal statute and asks the Court to declare the rules invalid as they apply to sales-based financing.
Biden Vetoes Congressional Resolution to Scrap CFPB’s Small Business Lending Rules
December 19, 2023
Bipartisan or not, President Biden formally vetoed S.J.Res. 32 which would have scrapped the CFPB’s 888 pages of soon-to-be implemented small business lending rules and forced the agency to create new ones.
The CFPB is obligated by the Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act to collect data from small business finance companies (MCA included) so that it will be able to assess the market and measure potential disparities. It is a limited scope law that nevertheless resulted in 888 pages of rules explaining how to collect that data and send it to the federal government. They are slated to go into effect very soon.
Despite data collection being the intended purpose, Biden suggested in his official veto statement that the rules are actually intended to “conduct oversight of abusive and predatory lenders.”
“If enacted, this resolution would harm all those that stand to benefit from expanded transparency and accountability,” Biden said. “By hampering efforts to promote transparency and accountability in small business lending, Republicans are siding with big banks and corporations over the needs of small business owners.”
Unless litigation changes the timelines, many funders and lenders must start complying by October 1, 2024. This is a federal law, not a state requirement.
Congressional Resolution Aims to Undo CFPB’s Small Business Lending Rules
June 12, 2023
After 13 years of regulatory debate and 888-pages of official rules finally ready to go into effect, some members of Congress have decided that the whole thing is all wrong. At issue is a section of a 2010 federal law that requires the CFPB to collect data from companies engaged in small business financing. However, for more than a decade the statute became a political football, creating delays and sowing confusion over who it is that is supposed to be covered. Lawsuits filed against the CFPB finally prompted it to move forward with its mandate which culminated in an 888-page rulebook that was published in March.
On May 31, however, members of the House and Senate introduced a Joint Resolution to invalidate the rules.
“Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That Congress disapproves the rule submitted by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau relating to “Small Business Lending Under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (Regulation B)” (88 Fed. Reg. 35150), and such rule shall have no force or effect.”
A hearing on the matter is scheduled to be heard on June 14 at 10am. As part of it, CFPB Director Rohit Chopra is expected to testify.
Update: Hearing is here:
It remains to be seen whether the Resolution will carry weight. There are 23 Republican co-sponsors of the bill and 0 Democrats.
Federal Regulator Enacts New 888-Page Law Covering Small Business Finance
March 30, 2023
This is NOT an April Fool’s joke. On Thursday, the CFPB released the final rules that govern how small business finance companies will have to collect and report data to the federal government. Such rules had been anticipated since the Dodd-Frank Act, passed in 2010, mandated that they be put in place. Thirteen long years later, the only part that may come as unexpected is the sheer magnitude of the language, 888 pages of fine print.
Transactions within the scope of the rule include loans, lines of credit, credit cards, merchant cash advances, and credit products used for agricultural purposes.
According to the CFPB’s executive summary, compliance appears to start next year.
- A financial institution must begin collecting data and otherwise complying with the final rule on October 1, 2024 if it originated at least 2,500 covered originations in both 2022 and 2023.
- A financial institution must begin collecting data and otherwise complying with the final rule on April 1, 2025 if it: Originated at least 500 covered originations in both 2022 and 2023; Did not originate 2,500 or more covered originations in both 2022 and 2023; and Originated at least 100 covered originations in 2024.
- A financial institution must begin collecting data and otherwise complying with the final rule on January 1, 2026 if it originated at least 100 covered originations in both 2024 and 2025.
Call your lawyer.
New Bill Would Give CFPB Regulatory Authority Over Small Business Lenders
April 1, 2022When Congress passed a law in 2010 that gave the newly created Consumer Financial Protection Bureau a mandate to collect small business loan data, industry observers wondered just how broadly the agency would interpret that authority.
At least one Congresswoman, however, feels that the statute as written is limited. That’s because Rep. Nydia M. Velázquez introduced a bill on Friday that would explicitly give the CFPB the power it lacks to oversee small business lending altogether.
H.R. 7351, the Promoting Fair Lending to Small Businesses Act, is designed to give the CFPB supervisory authority of “nondepository persons offering or making small business loans.”
“This bill will play an important role in applying the same standards for all lenders who make loans for small businesses, and especially those that have been historically underserved by lenders such as minority- and women-owned businesses,” said Velázquez.
It would be no surprise if a small business lender had not been previously aware of the CFPB’s pre-existing data-collection powers. That’s because the law that was passed twelve years ago, still has not been completely rolled out.
