Related Headlines
| 10/09/2025 | CFPB issues 1071 rule update |
| 05/28/2025 | The Section 1071 timeline |
| 04/06/2025 | Section 1071 rulemaking reopens |
| 02/07/2025 | 5th Circuit delays 1071 but not for all |
| 08/20/2024 | CFPB releases new 1071 guide |
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Dodd-Frank 1071: Regulatory Uncertainty in Small Business Financing
May 28, 2025Jeffrey S. Paige is the Chief Legal Officer of CFG Merchant Solutions. Visit: https://cfgmerchantsolutions.com
A Changing Regulatory Landscape for Commercial Finance in New York & Beyond
When President Trump returned to office on January 20, 2025, he signed several executive orders with significant implications, particularly for New York’s commercial finance sector and the revenue-based financing industry. One such order was a regulatory freeze that could impact rules issued by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), specifically those concerning small business financing data collection under Dodd-Frank Section 1071. The rationale behind this freeze is that the CFPB, an agency not directly controlled by Congress, exceeded its intended regulatory scope.
Trump’s order not only halts the issuance of new rules but also mandates the withdrawal of any rules previously sent to the Office of the Federal Register. More critically, it directs agency heads to “consider postponing” any rules that have been published but have not yet taken effect, creating a 60-day review period for reassessment of their legal and policy implications.
“Should actions be identified that were undertaken before noon on January 20, 2025, that frustrate the purpose underlying this memorandum, I may modify or extend this memorandum to require that department and agency heads consider taking steps to address those actions,” the order concludes. This places Section 1071 in limbo, leaving financial institutions uncertain about compliance obligations moving forward.
However, New York funders may still need to prepare. Under 12 U.S.C. § 5552 of the Dodd-Frank Act, individual states (including their respective financial regulators and attorneys general) have the authority to enforce federal consumer financial law, specifically, the Consumer Financial Protection Act and 18 enumerated consumer laws such as TILA, EFTA, FDCPA, GLBA, and regulations issued by the CFPB. Simply put, New York has the ability to enforce these laws and regulations, including Section 1071, by bringing suit in federal or state courts or other appropriate proceedings against any “covered person or service provider” as defined and not excluded by the Dodd-Frank Act’s terms. It is therefore prudent for non-exempt lenders and funders to take a proactive approach.
What Is Dodd-Frank 1071?
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, enacted in 2010, sought to address vulnerabilities in the financial system exposed during the 2008 financial crisis. On March 30, 2023, Section 1071 amended the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA), empowering the CFPB to collect and report key data from financial institutions on small business financing. The compliance deadline varies based on the size of the institution, with the earliest deadline set for July 18, 2025, affecting Tier 1 providers, defined as high-volume financial institutions.
The goal of Section 1071 is to identify and address disparities in small business financing by analyzing key metrics such as:
- Demographics of business owners (race, gender, ethnicity).
- Financing terms, rates, and credit outcomes.
- Geographic data, including trends in underserved regions.
By requiring funders to disclose this information, the regulation seeks to foster accountability and ensure that small businesses—especially those owned by minorities and women—have equitable access to credit and capital.
CFPB & Section 1071 Timeline
2010: Dodd-Frank Act Enacted
- Section 1071 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act is established.
2011: CFPB Established
- The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) is created as an independent agency overseeing consumer financial protection laws, including small business lending regulations under Section 1071.
2017: CFPB Faces Legal Challenges
- Industry groups challenge the CFPB’s authority and structure, arguing that it lacks proper congressional oversight.
- Under the Trump administration, regulatory focus shifts toward deregulation, and CFPB rulemaking efforts on Section 1071 slowed down.
2020: U.S. Supreme Court Decision – Seila Law v. CFPB
- The Supreme Court rules that the president can remove the CFPB director at will, weakening its independence but allowing it to continue functioning.
2021: Biden Administration Revives Section 1071 Rulemaking
- The CFPB under Director Rohit Chopra prioritizes implementing Section 1071, aiming to enhance transparency in small business lending.
2022-2023: CFPB Proposes & Finalizes Section 1071 Rule
- The proposed rule is released in 2022, requiring lenders to collect and report loan application data, including business owner demographics.
- In March 2023, the final rule is issued, with compliance deadlines set for 2024 and 2025 based on lender size.
2023-2024: Legal Pushback & Court Challenges
- Industry groups file lawsuits, arguing that Section 1071 creates excessive regulatory burdens and violates constitutional limits on CFPB authority
- In October 2023, a Texas court stays the rule for certain plaintiffs, pausing enforcement for some lenders.
- In 2024, additional lawsuits escalate concerns over the rule’s implementation.
January 20, 2025: Trump Returns to Office & Freezes Regulations
- On his first day back in office, President Trump issues an executive order freezing pending regulations, including Section 1071.
- The order:
- Blocks new CFPB rulemaking,
- Withdraws rules not yet finalized,
- Delays implementation of already published rules for a 60-day review period.
- President Trump’s justification: The CFPB is an unelected agency that overstepped its authority, and its rules should be reassessed.
2025: Uncertainty & State-Level Action
- The CFPB’s authority remains in question, leaving financial institutions uncertain about compliance requirements.
- New York may independently implement similar reporting requirements, as it has done with previous commercial financing regulations.
- Many New York funders continue preparing for potential state-level enforcement despite the federal freeze.
How Alternative Financing Providers Can Adapt
Funders in the alternative financing space should remain agile and prepare for multiple scenarios. Even if Section 1071 is rolled back, transparency and fair funding practices remain critical for fostering trust and maintaining credibility in the market.
Steps funders can take include:
- Investing in technology to automate compliance processes, ensuring readiness for future regulations.
- Engaging with industry stakeholders to advocate for practical regulatory approaches that balance fairness and business efficiency.
- Maintaining transparency in financing practices to build stronger relationships with merchants and partners.
Looking Ahead
As the financial industry navigates the potential rollback of Dodd-Frank 1071 (Republican Congressman Roger Williams of Texas has introduced H.R. 976 seeking to do just that), alternative financing companies should focus on long-term strategies that prioritize both compliance and innovation. This is especially true in New York, where the legislature is currently considering a bill called the Fair Business Practices Act, modeled after Title X of Dodd-Frank, that would among other things expand the New York Attorney General’s enforcement powers and enhance penalties in this industry sector for UDAP violations. This further signals that New York as well as other states is seeking to fill any void left by the weakening of the CFPB. Whether the regulation remains in effect or is dismantled, financial institutions should stay proactive in adapting to changes while ensuring fair access to capital for small businesses.
Court Leans Toward CFPB in MCA Section 1071 Lawsuit
February 19, 2025A federal magistrate judge found that the CFPB did not overstep its authority when it subjected MCA transactions to the Small Business Data collection rule slated to go into effect this year. The lawsuit was filed a little over a year ago by the RBFC. The RBFC has the opportunity to file an objection within 14 days. For an analysis of the findings, you should consult with an attorney. It can be downloaded here.
This course of events is not related to the recent headwinds the CFPB is facing otherwise.
Wait, Is Section 1071 On The Verge Of Being Cancelled?
December 1, 2023
After the CFPB spent 13 years trying to figure out how to implement a wide-reaching poorly-worded law, the ensuing 888-page handbook full of rules for small business lenders to follow so the government can measure disparities in commercial loan underwriting processes, may have all been for naught. Congress wants the rules gone.
The rules in question were mandated by Section 1071 of the Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (Dodd-Frank) at a time when the bill’s drafters assumed that all business financing products were loans and all loans came from banks. The consequence has been endless rounds of debates, RFIs, hearings, committees, consultations, explainer guides, and lawsuits. Most recently there was a court-ordered injunction put in place to delay implementation of these rules.
Today, however, the House followed the Senate in voting to strike down the relevant rules. Though it was close in both chambers of Congress, Democrats did join Republicans in reaching this outcome. Nevertheless, reports say that Biden is expected to veto their resolution.
Notably, the passed legislation disapproves the rules submitted by the CFPB, not the underlying section of the law that mandates they draft a set of rules. This is important because it’s not Section 1071 that they’ve voted to undo, but rather the final rules that the CFPB has issued as part of its obligation to Section 1071.
According to House republicans, “By overturning the final 1071 rule, Congress will force the CFPB to reengage small businesses and their lenders to create a rule that is better tailored to their concerns and less likely to reduce the availability of credit.”
This effectively means that Section 1071 itself is safe (unless a court rules it or the CFPB unconstitutional). If the President does not veto it the legislation would force the CFPB to go back to the drawing board on rules it took 13 years to come up with in the first place.
ELFA Wins Nationwide Relief from Section 1071 for Equipment Finance Industry
October 26, 2023
WASHINGTON, D.C., October 26, 2023 – In a major victory for members of the Equipment Leasing and Finance Association and the entire equipment finance industry, today the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas issued a nationwide injunction delaying implementation of Section 1071 for all covered financial institutions. This action is in direct response to the efforts of ELFA and the other parties that intervened in the case in recent months. Functionally this means that the deadlines for compliance with Section 1071 are delayed by approximately 10 months for all ELFA member companies.
In response to the Court Order, ELFA President and CEO Ralph Petta said, “This is a big win for ELFA members and the equipment finance industry as a whole. We applaud the action taken by the court today, which underscores the value of our association’s ongoing efforts to ensure Section 1071 doesn’t make it more burdensome for our members and their customers in the $1 trillion equipment finance industry to do business together.”
Earlier this year the court had issued a partial injunction in response to litigation filed by Rio Bank, the Texas Bankers Association and the American Bankers Association. That initial injunction had, until that point, only covered those three entities. In August ELFA intervened in the lawsuit to ensure that the initial relief provided by the judge would apply equally to all ELFA members.
The action taken by the court today broadens the injunction to delay implementation of Section 1071 for all financial institutions covered by the rule. The delay will last until the Supreme Court issues a decision in a different, but related, case. The Supreme Court decision is expected in the spring/summer timeframe of 2024. This means that compliance will likely now be pushed out approximately 10 months from all the dates published in the original rule.
ELFA has been working for over a decade to improve Section 1071. The association has been proactively engaged in both the legislative and regulatory arenas to defend its members’ interests and reduce the measure’s onerous reporting regulations. Section 1071 is a part of the Dodd-Frank Act, which when implemented by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) will require commercial finance companies to collect information about credit applicants and report it to the CFPB on an annual basis, along with extensive financial data associated with the application’s disposition, including extensive pricing information.
The “Order Granting Intervenors’ Motions for Preliminary Injunction” is available on the ELFA website at https://www.elfaonline.org/1071. ELFA will be sharing more information with its members in the coming days and weeks about the implications of this ruling.
About ELFA
The Equipment Leasing and Finance Association (ELFA) is the trade association that represents companies in the $1 trillion equipment finance sector, which includes financial services companies and manufacturers engaged in financing capital goods. ELFA members are the driving force behind the growth in the commercial equipment finance market and contribute to capital formation in the U.S. and abroad. Its 580 members include independent and captive leasing and finance companies, banks, financial services corporations, broker/packagers and investment banks, as well as manufacturers and service providers. ELFA has been equipping business for success for more than 60 years. For more information, please visit www.elfaonline.org.
Media/Press Contact: Amy Vogt, Vice President, Communications and Marketing, ELFA, 202-238-3438 or avogt@elfaonline.org
CFPB Initially Proposed to Exclude MCAs, Factoring, and Equipment Leasing From Section 1071
December 17, 2020
After ten years of debate over when and how to roll out the CFPB’s mandate to collect data from small business lenders, the Bureau has initially proposed to exclude merchant cash advance providers, factors, and equipment leasing companies from the requirement, according to a recently published report.
The decision is not final. A panel of Small Entity Representatives (SERS) that consulted with the CFPB on the proposed rollout recommended that the “Bureau continue to explore the extent to which covering MCAs or other products, such as factoring, would further the statutory purposes of Section 1071, along with the benefits and costs of covering such products.”
The SERS included individuals from:
- AP Equipment Financing
- Artisans’ Bank
- Bippus State Bank
- CDC Small Business Finance
- City First Bank
- Floorplan Xpress LLC
- Fundation Group LLC
- Funding Circle
- Greenbox Capital
- Hope Credit Union
- InRoads Credit Union
- Kore Capital Corporation
- Lakota Funds
- MariSol Federal Credit Union
- Opportunity Fund
- Reading Co-Operative bank
- River City Federal Credit Union
- Security First Bank of North Dakota
- UT Federal Credit Union
- Virginia Community Capital
The panel discussed many issues including how elements of Section 1071 could inadvertently embarrass or deter borrowers from applying for business loans. That would run counter to the spirit of the law which aims to measure if there are disparities in the small business loan market for both women-owned and minority-owned businesses.
One potential snag that could complicate this endeavor is that the concept of gender has evolved since Dodd-Frank was passed in 2010. “One SER stated that the Bureau should consider revisiting the use of male and female as categories for sex because gender is not binary,” the CFPB report says.
But in any case, there was broad support for the applicants to self-report their own sex, race, and ethnicity, rather than to force loan underwriters to try and make those determinations on their own. The ironic twist, however, according to one SER, is that when applicants are asked to self-report this information on a business loan application, a high percentage refuse to answer the questions at all.
The CFPB will eventually roll the law out in some final fashion regardless. The full report can be viewed here.
An Update on Section 1071 of Dodd-Frank
October 23, 2020
After more than a decade, Section 1071 of The Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (AKA Dodd-Frank) is finally moving along. The law expanded the Equal Credit Opportunity Act to require that the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau collect demographic data from small business finance companies. For ten years, a whole lot of nothing happened to roll it out, so you’ll be forgiven if it seems like the latest updates are a bit vapid.
But then the CFPB got sued for its failure to carry out its duties and it resulted in a settlement that requires the agency to hit certain milestones by certain timelines. Section 1071 is all about collecting loan applicant data in commercial finance to measure if there are disparities in the ability to access credit, particularly for female-owned and minority owned businesses. It necessitates a mechanism to comply, which will
ultimately cost time and money.
But in the meantime, the milestones to even get to the point where data collection is being carried out, are roughly as follows:
1. Convene a panel of small business lenders
2. Have that panel issue a report
3. Propose what the rules on collection will be
4. Collect feedback on the proposal
5. Formulate a final rule
6. Issue a rule
7. Set a time for when that rule will go into effect
We spoke with one alternative finance company that has been engaged in the process.
“I am representing, and Greenbox Capital is essentially representing, the industry,” CEO Jordan Fein told AltFinanceDaily in regards to his role as a Small Entity Representative to the CFPB’s panel of small business lenders. “There are some banks, there’s Funding Circle, but other than that, it’s Greenbox Capital serving in the industry.” Fein said that panelists give their opinion and engage in discussion on how companies will be impacted. He also said that he was very happy to participate in the process.
“It’s an honor to be selected to the industry panel providing feedback on section 1071 of the DoddFrank Act ensuring fair lending laws to women- and minority-owned businesses,” said Fein. “Over 2 million businesses across the U.S. are either women or minority owned and it’s vital they can secure funding as easily as non-minority owned businesses.”
The panel must complete a report within 60 days of convening. With several more milestones to go, a final rule is unlikely to go into effect prior to 2022. But until then, know that Section 1071’s implementation will probably happen during your lifetime.
Greenbox Capital on Official Panel to Aid Section 1071’s Rollout
October 21, 2020
This week, Greenbox Capital, the Miami-based alternative finance company known for its MCA and SMB financing, announced they are serving as a Small Entity Representative (SER) to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) as the organization proceeds with the rollout of Section 1071 of the Dodd-Frank Act.
“I am representing, and Greenbox Capital is essentially representing, the industry,” CEO Jordan Fein said. “There are some banks, there’s Funding Circle, but other than that, it’s Greenbox Capital serving in the industry.”
Fein, who founded Greenbox in 2012 and has since facilitated MCAs and business loans across America, Puerto Rico, and Canada, wrote in a press release that it was an honor to be selected to provide feedback on Section 1071.
“Over 2 million businesses across the U.S. are either women or minority-owned,” Fein wrote. “It is vital they can secure funding as easily as non-minority-owned businesses.”
Congress passed the Dodd-Frank Act in 2010 in response to the Great Recession. To further protect consumers, the CFPB was born. Section 1071, an amendment to the 1974 Equal Credit Opportunity Act, mandates financial institutions report demographic information to the CFPB. But much was left undefined about how to go about doing that and who would technically be subject to it.
Ultimately, the intent behind the law was to measure potential disparities among factors like the race and gender of applicants. Ten years later, the rollout is finally moving along.
As part of this, the CFPB created a board of firms representing the affected industry, on which Greenbox sits, to ensure the law works with the industry, not against it. The first panel was on October 15, in compliance with the 1996 Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act (SBREFA.)
“They’re going through the SBREFA process, which is a structured process where they have a panel of industry representatives, and they share what they’re planning to do,” Fein said. “They run it by companies like us and we give our opinion and talk about how we think companies will be impacted.”
According to an invitation letter the firms received, they will have until November 9 to respond.
Fein said Greenbox would ensure any suggestions it made would positively impact the industry. Especially during a pandemic, Fein said it is essential to create regulation with firms in mind.
Section 1071 is Back and The CFPB Wants to Know How Much It Will Cost You to Comply
August 25, 2020
At some point in this century, small business finance companies will be expected to comply with Section 1071 of the Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act that was passed in 2010.
In the wake of the ’08-’09 financial crisis (remember that?!), lawmakers passed the above act that has become colloquially known as Dodd-Frank. Section 1071 gave the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau the authority and the mandate to collect data from small business lenders (and similar companies).
The costs, risks, and challenges with rolling out this law have been discussed on AltFinanceDaily for 5 years, yet little progress has been made to finally implement it. But it’s starting to move along and the CFPB would now like to know how expensive it will be for businesses to comply.
If you are engaged in small business finance, you should seriously consider submitting a response to their survey. The CFPB is specifically cataloging responses from merchant cash advance companies, fintech lenders, and equipment financiers.
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